EndeRails Classes C27, C28, C29 and C30

EndeRails Classes C27, C28, C29 and C30 are similar electric multiple unit (EMU) trains built by EndeRails in the Shafterlands between 1996 and 2010 for suburban and urban usage. While the motors, bogies and other internal parts were built by EndeRails, the body was fitted by a consortium of the Aylesbury Rolling Stock Company, Higashi-Yui Railway Carriage and Wagon Company and EndeRails.

Design
All four trains feature the EndeRails C II IGBT-VVVF motor with rheostatic and pneumatic brakes, capable of a top speed of 160 km/h. A gangway was fitted into the ends of each car, allowing passengers to walk the entire length of a unit without having to exit the train.

The type evolved from the earlier C14 stock, with the main difference being the removal of the toilet in some cars and the change to outside doors.

Variants
Class C27/0, C27/1 3-car trainsets built for the Putinsawa Railway in the Shafterlands and used on commuter services between Putingrad and Zawate. Two units of 3 cars each are usually coupled together to form a 6-car unit. Class C27/2 2-car trainsets built for Emmaru Railways used on the Tozai Line Mount Vernon Loop. These trains were formerly also used on the mainline, but that has been superseded by the 3-car and 4-car units. Extra units are currently used as trailer cars in Class C103 trains and as backup rolling stock for the North Limaru Line. Class C27/3 3-car trainsets built for North Eastern Railway in the Shafterlands as extra rolling stock for commuter services. These trains usually run with other rolling stock such as the more common C112 and C311 classes. Class C27/6 3-car trainsets built for Emmaru Railways used on the Tozai Line Katsuragi Branch. Due to inter-lining with the Quay Line, these trains frequently multiple-work with the Class 500 from Lipan Railways. These trains were also used for the Tozai Line main line service in the transition period between the withdrawal of C27/2 units and the introduction of C27/8 units. Class C27/8 4-car trainsets built for Emmaru Railways used on the Tozai Line main line. These trains replaced 2-car C27/2 units that were previously used for the main line service. Class C28/2 6-car trainsets built for Emmaru Railways used on the Chiatung Line. These trains are formed of 3-car units semi-permanently coupled together. Class C28/5, C28/7 7-car trainsets built for the Tokidawa Metro. Class C29 3-car trainsets built for Emmaru Railways used on the Tokaido Line. Class C30/0, C30/1, C30/2 3- and 5-car trainsets built for Southeastern Railway in the Shafterlands. Class C30/3, C30/4 3-car trainsets built for Emmaru Railways used on the Hanon Line. A second order for the C30/4 was placed as spare rolling stock for the Quay Line.

Class C27/2
The C27/2 stock entered service on 21 January 1998 to replace the D5/8 stock and some C13 stock trains used on the Tozai line. The D5/8 stock was subsequently retired while all other C13 stock trains were transferred to the Tokaido Line so that some trains could be doubled to 6 cars. The C27/2 stock was painted in the "Tozai Line" livery, which had two cyan stripes running along the top of the windows and below the windows. Trains carried 3 headlights, one above the windscreen and two on the undercarriage.

Before the introduction of the C27/6 stock, there were plans to convert the C27/2 into 3-car sets. However, since all of the cars in the C27/2 stock had a wide gangway at the non-cab end, it was deemed too costly to replace the cabs of some cars with open gangways and therefore a new order for the C27/6 was submitted. While two C27/2 units could theoretically be coupled to form a 4-car unit, a second order for the C27/8 was submitted since all Tozai Line C27 units were fully walk-through up until that point. The extra C27/2 cars were then loaned to other railway companies and also used as extra cars for mainline services.

First Refurbishment
The C27/2 was first refurbished in 2008, replacing most of the transverse seating with longitudinal seating to increase capacity. The hard purple seats were also upholstered with cyan and yellow fabric, giving them a bouncy feel. Yellow seats (placed at the ends of cars) were designated priority seats, and were the first priority seats in Entetsu's history.

Second Refurbishment
A second refurbishment for all cars was carried out in 2017, with all trains repainted in the current pink/cyan "Entetsu" livery and the (formerly curved) fronts of all trains replaced by a flat pane, similar to that of JR's E235 series. The three dim headlights were replaced by a pair of bright headlights placed on the left side of the train, while a new rollsign holder was placed on the right. Train doors were also replaced with inside doors, the C27 previously used outside doors just like the rest of the C28-30 stock.

Class C27/6 and C27/8
The C27/6 and C27/8 were similar trains that entered service on 12 May 2008 and 14 December 2009 respectively. Like the C27/2, they were delivered with the old 3-headlight slanted front, but with inside doors. Both classes underwent refurbishment together with the C27/2 in 2017 to give them the new flat front.

C27/8 cars that end with a '9' (27809, 27819, 27869, 27879) are cars with track recording equipment. No car ends with a '0'.

Class C28/2
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Class C29
The Class C29 are right-hand-drive trains specially built for the Tokaido Line, which has a right-running section. Besides the driving cab being on the other side, there are no differences between the C29 and the C30.

C30/3 and C30/4
The Class C30 are larger profile trains built to serve the south east of the Shafterlands, which feature lower platforms and a generally larger allowed loading gauge. Entetsu took on the offer for the class C30 for their Subclass 3 and 4 trains.